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St. Paul’s College was founded in 1926 by Archbishop Alfred A. Sinnott to serve Winnipeg’s English-speaking Catholic population. Amid a national economic depression, the college’s first years were marked by debt and risks of bankruptcy. In late 1931, the lieutenant governor of Manitoba fully qualified St. Paul’s as a liberal arts college of the University of Manitoba. Originally located on Selkirk Avenue, the college was relocated in 1931 to the site of the former Manitoba College on Ellice and Vaughan Streets in downtown Winnipeg. To keep pace with growing enrollment, an additional unit, the Paul Shea Hall, was built in 1932. St. Paul’s became a Jesuit college in 1933 once the Jesuits, pressured by Rome, accepted responsibility for its administration. John S. Holland, S.J. was appointed as the first Jesuit rector. St. Paul’s was principally a high school with a small offer of classes at the university level. Its student body was almost exclusively composed of male Catholic students. University enrollment increased drastically after World War II, and the college separated academically from the high school in 1948.

St. Paul’s College relocated to the Fort Garry Campus of the University of Manitoba in 1958 and became the first co-educational Jesuit institution of higher education in Canada. St. Paul’s High School relocated to 2200 Grant Avenue, Tuxedo in June 1964. That same year, the college and the high school were reorganized under two distinct Jesuit jurisdictions and in 1966, both institutions had civil incorporation. St. Paul’s College remained under Jesuit direction until 1984, when the first non-Jesuit rector, Dr. David J. Lawless, was appointed.

The Spanish Residential School was a residential school operated by the Society of Jesus from 1913-1958. Prior to the establishment of the Spanish Residential School, the Jesuits operated a series of schools in Wiikwemkoong, on Manitoulin Island.

In 1844, the Jesuits arrived in Wiikwemkoong to help run a Roman Catholic school that had been founded three years prior, in 1841. The school had been founded to serve the Roman Catholic community and compete with the neighboring Anglican school. After the 1850 Robinson-Huron Treaty, the school began to receive funding from the federal government. In 1862, the Daughters of the Heart of Mary arrived to establish a school for girls, and in 1878, following significant grants from the government, the Jesuits founded the Wikwemikong Industrial School. These events marked an increase in the collaboration between the Jesuits and the government. A fire in 1885 destroyed the boys' school, which re-opened the following year, and in 1888 there was an attempt to burn down the girls' school. Following the 1894 amendment to the Indian Act, which required First Nations children to attend residential schools, the school at Wiikwemkoong became part of the educational system controlled by the Department of Indian Affairs.

Following the federal government’s recommendations regarding the education of Indigenous children, in addition to conflicts at Wiikwemkoong including the 1911 strike and the burning of the girls’ school, the Jesuits decided to transfer the residential school away from the Indigenous community in Wiikwemkoong. The residential school moved to the town of Spanish, was renamed the St. Peter Claver School, and opened on July 23, 1913. The girls' school, still managed by the Daughters of the Heart of Mary, was renamed St. Joseph's, and , opened on or around August 15, 1913. Popularly known as the Spanish Residential Schools, they enrolled students from the Manitoulin Island area, and as far as the Ahkwesáhsne, Kahnawà:ke, and Kanehsatà:ke communities. Initially open for only a portion of the year, increased enrollment expanded the mission and the schools began operating year-round. The boys' school's operations relied in part on the labour of the Indigenous students, and included managing the farm, growing food, and maintaining the buildings. The mission also included the teaching of different trades.

A high school program was eventually developed to revitalize the scope of the Jesuits’ missionary work. The high school, named St. Charles Garnier, began its operations in 1947. Enrollment increased rapidly during the first few years of operation but began to decline in the mid-1950s. This, combined with internal strife, Jesuit personnel disillusionment, and problems of infrastructure, led to the closing of the elementary and high schools at Spanish. The school for boys closed on June 30, 1958, while the school for girls closed on June 30, 1962.